Romania’s Constitutional Court annulled the entire presidential election — even as a runoff vote was under way — throwing the process into upheaval after a Moscow-friendly, far-right candidate won the first round.
The court ruling on December 6 was followed by an announcement from Romanian prosecutors that a probe into alleged computer-related crimes has been launched amid allegations of Russian influence that Romanian intelligence services said sparked the shock first-round victory of Calin Georgescu.
Experts said is was unclear after the court decision if all the candidates are going to be allowed to re-register for the new vote, or if Georgescu could be disqualified following revelations of Moscow’s support for him.
Catalin Pop, a lawyer specializing in the Constitutional Court, told RFE/RL that the ruling was “definitive and binding,” and that the court the court’s reasoning will most likely “be similar” to what was used in the case of Diana Sosoaca, meaning Georgescu could be ruled out of the new election.
Sosoaca was ruled out by the court in October prior to the first round of voting for promoting extremist and anti-Semitic views, while also pushing ideas against the democratic values and EU membership that are at the root of Romania’s constitution.
In its ruling, the Constitutional Court said the electoral process for the election “will be resumed in its entirety, with the government to establish a new date for the election of the president of Romania, as well as a new calendar program for carrying out the necessary actions.”
President Klaus Iohannis, whose term was scheduled to end on December 21, said he would stay in his post until a successor can be elected.
“When the new president takes the oath, I will leave here,” Iohannis said in a statement on December 6.
Iohannis is expected to appoint a prime minister to begin forming a government from the parliament that was elected on December 1. The new government will choose the date of the new election, he said.
Georgescu’s victory sent shock waves across the West after Romania’s Supreme Council of National Defense (CSAT) declassified documents said to prove a massive, Moscow-orchestrated cybercampaign in his favor on TikTok that largely went under the radar of Romanian authorities.
Georgescu was to face off in a runoff vote on December 8 against pro-European centrist candidate Elena Lasconi.
At the time of the court’s announcement, voting had already begun in the large Romanian diaspora around the world, with around 33,000 said to have cast their ballots.
In a statement to Romanian television station Realitatea, Georgescu called the court ruling an “official coup,” evidence of what he said was a corrupt system showing its face.
The runoff has been seen as a referendum on the NATO and EU member’s future course amid accusations of Russian meddling that brought thousands of Romanians to the streets in support of the country’s place in the Euro-Atlantic community.
Georgescu had appeared as a favorite to win the runoff, but was passed by Lasconi in the latest opinion poll after CSAT on December 4 declassified documents revealing the country was the target of an “aggressive hybrid Russian action” that led to the far-right candidate’s shock victory in the first round.
Lasconi, a former TV presenter and the incumbent mayor of the small city of Campulung, had a 2 percentage-point lead over Georgescu in the AtlasIntel poll published on December 5 which is credited with an error margin of about 1 percent.
Lasconi condemned the court’s ruling annulling the election.
“The constitutional court’s decision is illegal, amoral and crushes the very essence of democracy, voting,” she said.
Georgescu’s first-round shock victory saw the candidate favored by early opinion polls to win the vote — Social Democratic (PSD) Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu — come third in the race and prompted him to resign as PSD leader.
Ciolacu said on December 6 that the surprise announcement by the court “was the only correct solution.”
However, the unexpected move is likely to trigger a wave of criticism both by the pro-Western parties who support Lasconi and the far-right groups such as the Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR) that had thrown their support behind Georgescu.
Critics have said that the Constitutional Court, which is dominated by judges appointed by the PSD, had tried to smooth Ciolacu’s path to the second round — an accusation that may resurface following the December 6 annulment.
Over the past several days, Georgescu’s first-place finish sparked fears and triggered protests, especially among younger Romanians, over the future of democracy in the country.
On December 5, some 3,000 people marched in Bucharest 5 demanding Romania maintain its pro-European path before gathering in the capital’s University Square chanting “Freedom” and “Europe.”
In a gesture of support, Moldovan President Maia Sandu traveled to Romania on December 5 to meet with Lasconi. Moldova was part of Romania until World War II and the two countries share a common language, culture, and history.
The pro-Western Sandu won reelection on November 3, defeating Moscow-friendly candidate Alexandr Stoianoglo despite allegations of a widespread campaign in his favor orchestrated and funded by Russia.
“We, Moldovans, have always looked toward Romania with admiration. For us, Romania has always been a model to follow…that’s why we also want to be part of the European Union, but we need your help,” Sandu told Lasconi.
Moldova opened accession talks with the European Union earlier this year.
